Palm Kernel Shell (PKS)

Palm kernel shell (PKS) is the hard, fibrous material covering the nut or kernel of the oil palm fruit. It is a byproduct of the palm oil milling process, produced when the fruit is separated from the nut and the kernel. PKS has various applications and characteristics: Characteristics: 1. High Density and Hardness: PKS is dense and hard, which makes it a durable material. 2. Energy Content: It has a high calorific value, which makes it an excellent biomass fuel. 3. Low Moisture Content: Typically, PKS has low moisture content, enhancing its efficiency as a fuel. 4. Carbon Content: Rich in carbon, PKS is suitable for carbon-based applications. Environmental Impact: Using PKS as a fuel helps reduce waste from palm oil processing and provides a renewable energy source, contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. Overall, palm kernel shell is a versatile byproduct with significant potential for sustainable energy and various industrial applications.